The design principle of the truck transmission system mainly includes the following key parts and their working principles:
● Clutch: The clutch is located between the engine and the transmission. Its main function is to cut off or connect the power output of the engine when the engine is started, shifted and stopped. The clutch achieves smooth power transmission and disconnection through the working principle of the friction plate.
● Transmission: The transmission is used to change the speed and torque output of the engine to adapt to different driving needs. There are multiple gear sets inside the transmission, and different gears are achieved through different gear combinations to adjust the vehicle speed and engine load.
● Universal joint: The universal joint (including universal joints and drive shafts) is used to connect the transmission and the drive axle, and can transmit power when the angle changes. The design of the universal joint allows the axis to bend or offset in the horizontal and vertical directions while maintaining torque transmission.
● Drive axle: The drive axle includes the main reducer, differential and half shafts. Its main function is to further reduce the power transmitted by the transmission and increase the torque, and distribute it to the half shafts on the left and right sides to drive the wheels. The differential allows the left and right wheels to rotate at different speeds on different road surfaces, improving the vehicle's passability.
● Other components: The transmission system also includes components such as the drive shaft and the intermediate support to ensure efficient transmission of power between components. The drive shaft connects the transmission and the drive axle, and the intermediate support is used to support the drive shaft to reduce vibration and noise.
Function and working principle of the transmission system
The basic function of the transmission system is to effectively transmit the power output by the engine to the drive wheels so that the vehicle can travel. The specific working principle is as follows:
● Power transmission path: The power output by the engine is first transmitted to the transmission through the clutch, and after the transmission changes speed, it is transmitted to the main reducer through the drive shaft, and finally drives the wheels through the differential and half-axle.
● Adapt to different road conditions: Through the adjustment of the transmission and differential, the transmission system can adapt to different road conditions and driving needs, and provide appropriate traction and vehicle speed.
Comparison of different types of truck transmission systems
Truck transmission systems can be divided into the following types according to the position of the engine and the drive wheel:
● Front front drive: The engine is at the front and the front wheels are driven. This layout is suitable for most cars and has good straight-line driving stability, but a large turning radius.
● Front-engine rear-wheel drive: The engine is in the front and the rear wheels are driven. This layout is suitable for high-performance cars and trucks, with good handling and stability.
● Rear-engine rear-wheel drive: The engine is in the rear and the rear wheels are driven. Suitable for super sports cars, with excellent starting and acceleration performance, but difficult to control.
● Mid-engine rear-wheel drive: The engine is in the middle and the rear wheels are driven. This layout is common in high-end sports cars and can achieve optimal weight distribution and sports performance.